Izindaba Zenkampani

1. Ubuningi/isilinganiso esihlobene

Ubuningi obuhlobene bubhekisela kumthamo wenkampani yezinto zamakhemikhali.

Isilinganiso sibhekisela kusilinganiso sobuningi bento yamakhemikhali nobuningi bamanzi.

2. Ukushisa kokuhwamuka kanye ne-coefficient yokucindezela

Ukushisa kokuhwamuka yivolumu ethathwa yigremu ngayinye yepulasitiki (cm³/g), kanyeukucindezelwaisilinganiso somthamo noma ukushisa kokuhwamuka phakathi kwempuphu kagesi kanye nengxenye yepulasitiki (inani layo lihlala lidlula u-1). Zonke zingasetshenziswa ukucacisa usayizi wegumbi lokukhipha ifilimu. Inani elikhulu lenani elijwayelekile lisho ukuthi umthamo wegumbi lokukhipha kufanele ube mkhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, liphinde libonise ukuthi impuphu kagesi inomoya omningi wokupompa, ipayipi lokukhipha umoya linzima, isikhathi sokubumba side, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi. Okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso uma ukushisa kokuhwamuka kuncane, futhi kuhle ukucindezela nokunciphisa.

3.Ukumuncwa kwamanzi

Ukumuncwa kwamanzi kubhekisela ezingeni lokugaya amanzi ngepulasitiki kanye nokumuncwa kwawo. Indlela yokulinganisa iwukuqale womise isampula bese uyikala. Ngemva kokuyifaka emanzini izinsuku ezingu-24 noma ezimbili, yisuse bese uyikala futhi, bese ubala iphesenti elingeziwe enanini, okungukumuncwa kwamanzi.

4. Ukusebenza

Ikhono lepulasitiki lokugcwalisa umgodi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza libizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi. Yipharamitha eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obubalulekile obucatshangelwayo lapho ukunyathela kufa. Okusebenzayo okusha kulula ukwakha ukukhanya kakhulu, umgodi wokugcwalisa awuminyene, izingxenye zepulasitiki zisatshalaliswa ngokunganaki, i-epoxy resin kanye nama-fillers aqoqwa ngokwehlukana, kulula ukunamathela ku-mold, ukukhipha isikhunta kanye nokuqeda kunzima, ukugoqa okuqinile kusenesikhathi kakhulu kanye nezinye izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma umsebenzi umncane, ukugcwalisa kufushane, akulula ukwakha, futhi ingcindezi yokwakha inkulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wokusebenzisa ipulasitiki uhambisana nemithethonqubo yezingxenye zepulasitiki, izinqubo zokwakha kanye nezindinganiso zokwakha.

5. Izici zokubopha phansi okuqinile

I-polyurethane elastomer iguqulwa ibe yisimo esiqinile esithambile ngaphansi kokushisa nokucindezeleka phakathi nenqubo yonke yokwakha. Njengoba umsebenzi ukhula, umgodi uyagcwaliswa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenzeka ukuminyana kwe-aldol. Ubuningi bokuxhumanisa buyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi umsebenzi uyaguquguquka. Umshini wokwakha ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele owehlisa futhi womise kancane kancane izinto ezincibilikisiwe. Lapho unyathela izibunjwa, ijubane lokufaka phansi okuqinile liyashesha, futhi izinto ezinemisebenzi yetimu emfushane eqhubekayo kufanele ziqaphele ukuze kube lula ukondla, ukulayisha kanye nokukhipha izinto ezifakiwe, nokukhetha amazinga okwakha asebenzayo kanye nemisebenzi yangempela ukuze kugwenywe ukugoba okuqinile kusenesikhathi noma ukugoba phansi okuqinile Ukuntuleka, okuholela ekubunjweni okubi kwezingxenye zepulasitiki.

6.Ama-Compounds Angumswakama kanye Nezinto Eziguquguqukayo Ze-Organic

Zonke izinhlobo zepulasitiki zinamazinga ahlukene omswakama kanye namakhemikhali e-organic aguquguqukayo. Uma umsebenzi uyanda kakhulu, kulula ukuwugcwala, isikhathi sokuphikelela side, kunciphisa ukwanda, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza amaphethini wamagagasi, ukwanda kanye nokufinyela kanye nezinye izinkinga kanye nokulimala. Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini kanye nogesi yezingxenye zepulasitiki. Kodwa-ke, uma ipulasitiki ilula kakhulu, izophinde ibangele umsebenzi ongemuhle kanye nokwakheka okunzima. Ngakho-ke, amapulasitiki ahlukene kufanele afudunyezwe njengoba kudingeka. Kulula ukushisa izinto ngokumuncwa kwamanzi okunamandla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somswakama, noma ngabeizinto ezifudumayokufanele kugwenywe. Ukumuncwa komswakama

7.Ukuzwela kokushisa

Ipulasitiki ezwela ukushisa ibhekisela kwamanye amapulasitiki avumelana kakhulu nokushisa. Uma ehlangana nokushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, isikhathi siba side noma ingxenye evundlile yokuvula ukudla incane kakhulu. Uma umphumela wangempela wokusika umuhle kakhulu, ukwanda kokushisa kwesikhunta kungenzeka kubangele ukushintsha kombala, ukususwa kwepolymer, kanye nokuqhekeka. Amapulasitiki analolu hlobo lwezimpawu abizwa ngokuthi amapulasitiki azwela ukushisa.

8. Ukuzwela kwamanzi

Amanye amapulasitiki (njenge-polycarbonate) anamanzi amancane, kodwa azohlukana ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lubizwa ngokuthi ukuzwela kwamanzi, futhi kulula ukuwafudumeza kusenesikhathi.

9.Ukumuncwa kwamanzi

Ipulasitiki yaqagela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo ezenza zibe namazinga ahlukene okusondelana namanzi, amapulasitiki angahlukaniswa cishe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukumuncwa komswakama, ukunamathela komswakama, kanye nokunga-hygroscopicity futhi kunzima ukunamathela emanzini. Kuqagelwa ukuthi okuqukethwe komswakama kulawulwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuvunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho umswakama uba umhwamuko ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu noma kwenzeka umphumela wangempela wokusabela kwe-hydrolysis, okuzobangela ukuthi i-epoxy resin iqhume, inciphise umsebenzi wayo, futhi ingabi nokubukeka kanye nemisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini kanye nogesi. Ngakho-ke, amapulasitiki amunca amanzi ashiswa ngezindlela zokushisa ezifanele kanye nezindinganiso njengoba kudingeka, futhi kusetshenziswa i-induction eqondile ye-infrared ukugwema ukumuncwa kabusha komswakama ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

10.Ukuphefumula

Ukuphefumula kubhekisela emsebenzini wokudlulisa umusi wefilimu yepulasitiki noma ibhodi lepulasitiki

11.Inani lenkomba yokuncibilikisa

I-Melt Index (MI) iyinani elijwayelekile elibonisa umsebenzi wezinto zepulasitiki ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokucubungula.

12.Amandla okunamathela/ukunwebeka kokuqhekeka

Amandla okudonsa abhekisela enanini lamandla adingekayo ukwelula izinto zepulasitiki ziye ezingeni elithile (njengomkhawulo wokukhiqiza noma iphuzu lokuqhekeka). Ngokuvamile kubonakaliswa indawo iyonke yebhizinisi ngalinye. Futhi iphesenti lobude ngemva kokudonsa ubude liye ebudeni bokuqala yi-elongation yokuqhekeka.

13.Amandla okucindezela aqinile

Amandla okucindezela amaqhubu yikhono lamapulasitiki lokumelana namaqhubu.

14.Amandla okucindezela komthelela

Amandla okucindezela okuthintekayo abhekisela emandleni e-kinetic ipulasitiki engawathwala uma ithintwa amandla angaphandle.

15.Amandla

Amandla epulasitiki ejwayelekile avame ukubonakala ngezindlela ezimbili zokuhlola, ubulukhuni beRockwell kanye nobulukhuni beSomo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Shao's A yayivame ukusetshenziswa ukukala amapulasitiki athambile, njenge-TPE kanye namanye ama-polyurethane elastomers noma irabha evulcanized, njll.; i-Shao's D yayisetshenziswa ukukala amapulasitiki aqinile, njengepulasitiki ejwayelekile kanye namanye amapulasitiki obunjiniyela, futhi iningi lamapulasitiki eProjekthi yobunjiniyela asebenza kahle noma amapulasitiki ephrojekthi yobunjiniyela eqinile kufanele alinganiswe yiRockwell.

16.Izinga lokushisa lokushintshashintsha kokushisa

Izinga lokushisa lokushintshashintsha kokushisa yizinga lokushisa lapho ingxenye yokuhlola yepulasitiki ihlangana khona kuze kube sezingeni eliphansi kwengcindezi yokusebenza kanye nezinga lokushisa.

17.Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwesikhathi eside

Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwesikhathi eside kubhekisela ekumelaneni nokushisa kwezinto zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

18.Uhlamvu olumelana nokuncibilikisa

Isimo somuthi omelana nokuncibilika sibhekisela ekuguqulweni kwesisindo, ivolumu, amandla okunamathela kanye nokwandiswa kwezinto zepulasitiki ngemva kokucwiliswa ku-solvent ephilayo ekushiseni isikhathi esithile. Ukwehluka okuncane kwezakhi zofuzo kubonisa ushintsho oluhle kakhulu lwe-Dielectric.

19.Ukumelana nokuguga

Ukumelana nokuguga kubhekisela ekumelaneni kwezinto zepulasitiki nezingozi zokukhanya kwelanga, ukushisa, umoya, umoya kanye nemvula endaweni yemvelo yangaphandle, okubangela izinguquko ezinkulu kanye nokuwohloka.

20.Ukucaca

Ukucaca kubhekisela ekudlulisweni kokukhanya kwamapulasitiki endaweni yokukhanya okubonakalayo. Amapulasitiki angahlukaniswa ngokudluliselwa kokukhanya, ukucaca kanye nokungacaci ngokwezinga lokudlula kokukhanya.

21.ukushelela

Ubushelelezi bubhekisela ezingeni lengilazi yesibuko elifana nelezinto zamakhemikhali ezingamelana nokukhanya. Ubushelelezi obuhle bubhekisela ebusweni obukhanyayo bezinto zamakhemikhali.

22.Isendlalelo sokuvikela sibhubhisa i-voltage yokusebenza

I-voltage yokusebenza yokubhujiswa kwezingqimba zokufaka ugesi yi-voltage yokusebenza ekhulisa umehluko omkhulu wamandla engxenyeni yokuhlola ukuze ifinyelele ekubhujisweni kwamandla e-dielectric, ehlukaniswe ngenani (Kv/mm) lebanga eliphakathi kwama-electrode amabili (ubukhulu bengxenye yokuhlola).

23.ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa

Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kubizwa nangokuthi ukushisa kokuncibilika nokuhwamuka, okuyi-kinetic energy edingekayo ekwakheni noma ekuncibilikeni nasekukhanyeni kwe-crystallization ye-polymer ekristalu. Le ngxenye yamandla e-kinetic isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa isakhiwo se-crystalline sezinto ze-polymer. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-crystalline polymer icutshungulwa ngokubumba ngomjovo, idinga amandla e-kinetic amaningi ukuze ifinyelele izinga lokushisa elithile lokuncibilika kunalapho i-polymer engaguquki icutshungulwa ngokubumba ngomjovo. Asikho isidingo sokushisa kokuncibilika nokubumba.

24.ukushisa okuthile

Ukushisa okuqondile inani lokushisa elidingekayo lapho izinga lokushisa lezinto zokusetshenziswa zebhizinisi likhuphuka nge-1 degree [J/kg.k].

25.ukusabalala kokushisa

Ukwanda kokushisa kubhekisela esilinganisweni lapho izinga lokushisa liqagelwa ukuthi lidluliselwa khona ezintweni zokushisa. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa. Inani layo inani lokushisa (ukushisa okuthile) kanye nokugaya kanye nokumuncwa kwezinto ezidingekayo lapho izinga lokushisa lezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi yebhizinisi likhuphuka nge-1 degree. Izinga lokushisa (i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa) liyakhethwa. Ingcindezi yokusebenza ayilimazi kangako i-coefficient yokusabalalisa ukushisa, kodwa izinga lokushisa liyingozi kakhulu.