Isikhunta siyimishini eyisisekelo yenqubo yemboni yezimoto. Izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-90% zezingxenye kanye nezingxenye zokukhiqiza izimoto zidinga ukwakhiwa yisikhunta. NgokukaLuo Baihui, isazi sokukhunta, kudingeka isikhunta esingaba ngu-1 500 ukuze kwakhiwe imoto evamile, lapho kusetshenziswa khona isikhunta esingaphezu kuka-1 000. Ekuthuthukisweni kwamamodeli amasha, i-90% yomsebenzi wenziwa ngokushintsha kwephrofayili yomzimba. Cishe u-60% wezindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli amasha asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zomzimba kanye nokugxiviza kanye nemishini. Cishe u-40% wezindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto yizindleko zokugxiviza izingxenye zomzimba nokuhlanganisa.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yesikhunta sezimoto ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ubuchwepheshe besikhunta bubonise lezi zindlela zokuthuthuka ezilandelayo.
1. Ukulingisa inqubo yokugxiviza (CAE) kugqame kakhulu
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesoftware yekhompiyutha kanye nehadiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa (CAE) benqubo yokubumba isitembu budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Emazweni athuthukile anjenge-United States, Japan, neJalimane, ubuchwepheshe be-CAE sebuyingxenye edingekayo yokwakhiwa kwesikhunta kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukubikezela ukwakheka kweziphambeko, ukwandisa inqubo yokugxiviza kanye nesakhiwo sesikhunta, ukuthuthukisa ukwethembeka komklamo wesikhunta, nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlola isikhunta. Izinkampani eziningi zokubumba izimoto ezifuywayo nazo zenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CAE futhi zithole imiphumela emihle. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-CAE kungasindisa kakhulu izindleko zokubunjwa kwesilingo futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa wokubumba izitembu, okuye kwaba yindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesikhunta. Ubuchwepheshe be-CAE bushintsha kancane kancane idizayini yesikhunta isuka ekwakhiweni kwe-empirical iye ekwakhiweni kwesayensi.
2. Isikhundla se-mold 3D design sihlanganisiwe
Idizayini yesikhunta enezinhlangothi ezintathu iyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali kanye nesisekelo sokuhlanganiswa komklamo wesikhunta, ukukhiqiza nokuhlola. Izinkampani ezinjengeToyota kanye neGeneral Motors yase-United States ziye zaqaphela ukwakheka kwesikhunta esinezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi zithole imiphumela emihle yohlelo lokusebenza. Ezinye izindlela ezamukelwa ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta se-3D phesheya zifanelekile ukuthi sizibhekise. Ngaphezu kokusiza ekufezeni ukukhiqizwa okuhlanganisiwe, idizayini yesikhunta enezinhlangothi ezintathu inenye inzuzo yokuthi ilungele ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka futhi ingenza ukuhlaziywa kokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza, okuxazulula inkinga ekwakhiweni kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Okwesithathu, ubuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali sebuphenduke inkomba evamile
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta sezimoto. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha noma ubuchwepheshe obusizwa ngekhompyutha (CAX) ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ifingqa isipiliyoni esiyimpumelelo sezinkampani zokubumba zezimoto zasekhaya nezangaphandle ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obusizwa ngamakhompiyutha, ubuchwepheshe besikhunta sezimoto zedijithali ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo: ① Idizayini ye-manufacturability (DFM), okungukuthi, ukwakhiwa kuyacatshangelwa futhi kuhlaziywe ngesikhathi sokuklama ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo. yenqubo. ②Ubuchwepheshe obusizayo bomklamo wephrofayili yesikhunta, thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuklama iphrofayela ehlakaniphile. ③CAE isiza ekuhlaziyeni nasekugxivizeni inqubo yokwakha, ukubikezela nokuxazulula izinkinga ezingaba khona nokudala izinkinga. ④ Shintshanisa idizayini yendabuko enezinhlangothi ezimbili ngedizayini yesakhiwo sesikhunta esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. ⑤Inqubo yokukhiqiza isikhunta isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CAPP, CAM kanye ne-CAT. ⑥ Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, bhekana futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezivela kunqubo yokuhlola isikhunta nokukhiqizwa kokugxiviza.
Okwesine, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-automation yokucubungula isikhunta
Ubuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa okuthuthukile kanye nemishini kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Akuvamile ukuthi izinkampani zokubumba zezimoto ezithuthukisiwe zibe namathuluzi omshini we-CNC anamathebula okusebenza akabili, izishintshi zamathuluzi ezizenzakalelayo (ATC), amasistimu okulawula ugesi wezithombe zokucubungula okuzenzakalelayo, nezinhlelo zokulinganisa izingcezu zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi. Ukucutshungulwa kokulawulwa kwezinombolo kuye kwathuthukiswa kusukela ekucubunguleni iphrofayili elula kuya ekucutshungulweni okuphelele kwephrofayili kanye nezindawo zesakhiwo, kusukela ekucubunguleni okuphakathi nendawo nokuphansi kuya ekucutshungulweni kwesivinini esikhulu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokucubungula ubuchwepheshe be-automation kuyashesha kakhulu.
5. Ubuchwepheshe bokugxiviza ipuleti lensimbi olunamandla aphezulu buyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo
Insimbi enamandla amakhulu inezici ezinhle kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso sesivuno, izici eziqinisa ukuqina, ikhono lokusabalalisa ubunzima, nokumuncwa kwamandla okushayisana, kanye nenani lokusetshenziswa ezimotweni liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Njengamanje, izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezisetshenziswa ekugxivizeni kwezimoto ikakhulukazi zifaka insimbi eqinisa upende (insimbi ye-BH), insimbi enezigaba ezimbili (i-DP steel), kanye nensimbi ye-plasticity eyenziwe ngesigaba (TRIP steel). I-International Ultra Light Body Project (ULSAB) ibikezela ukuthi u-97% wemoto esezingeni eliphezulu (ULSAB—AVC) eyethulwe ngo-2010 izoba yinsimbi enamandla amakhulu. Ingxenye yensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu esezingeni eliphezulu ezintweni zemoto izodlula ama-60%, futhi isigaba esikabili Ingxenye yensimbi izobalelwa ku-74% wamapuleti ensimbi ezimoto. Uchungechunge lwensimbi ethambile kakhulu olusetshenziswa ku-IF steel luzoba uchungechunge lwepuleti lensimbi lamandla aphezulu, futhi insimbi enamandla amakhulu aphansi izoba yinsimbi yesigaba esikabili kanye nepuleti lensimbi elinamandla aphezulu. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamapuleti ensimbi aqine kakhulu ezingxenyeni zezimoto zasekhaya kunqunyelwe ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo nemishayo, futhi amandla aqinile wezinto ezisetshenziswayo angaphansi kuka-500MPa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bokugxiviza amapuleti ensimbi aqine kakhulu kuyinkinga ebalulekile edinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha embonini yokubumba yezimoto yezwe lami.
6. Imikhiqizo yesikhunta emisha izokwethulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Ngokuthuthuka kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye ne-automation yokukhiqiza isitembu sezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kokufa okuqhubekayo ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zesitembu sezimoto kuzoba kubanzi. Izingxenye zokunyathela eziyinkimbinkimbi zomumo, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zokunyathela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezincane nezinosayizi omaphakathi ezidinga amasethi amaningi okushaywa ngesibhakela ngokwenqubo yendabuko, ziya ngokuya kwakheka ngokufa okuqhubekayo. I-Progressive die iwuhlobo lomkhiqizo wesikhunta osezingeni eliphezulu, onzima ngokobuchwepheshe, odinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, futhi unomjikelezo omude wokukhiqiza. I-multi-station progressive die izoba ngomunye wemikhiqizo yesikhunta ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni lami.
Okuyisikhombisa, isikhunta kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha obungaphezulu buzophinda busetshenziswe
Ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwezinto zokubumba yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yesikhunta, impilo kanye nezindleko. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphezu kokwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kokusebenza okubandayo, amalangabi acisha izinsimbi ezibandayo, kanye nezinsimbi ze-powder metallurgy ezibandayo, kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa izinto zensimbi ezicijile ezinkulu. futhi isitembu esiphakathi sifela phesheya. Ukukhathazeka mayelana nentuthuko. I-Nodular cast iron inokuqina okuhle nokumelana nokugqoka, ukusebenza kwayo kokushisela, ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenza kokuqina kwendawo nakho kuhle, futhi izindleko ziphansi kune-alloy cast iron, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunyatheleni kwezimoto.
8. Ukuphathwa kwesayensi kanye nolwazi luyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi esikhunta
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-11-2021