Isikhunta siwumshini oyisisekelo wokucubungula embonini yezimoto. Izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-90% kanye nezingxenye ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto kudingeka zakhiwe yisikhunta. Ngokusho kukaLuo Baihui, uchwepheshe wesikhunta, kudingeka izikhunta ezingaba ngu-1,500 ukuze kukhiqizwe imoto evamile, lapho kusetshenziswa izikhunta ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 zokunyathela. Ekuthuthukisweni kwamamodeli amasha, u-90% womsebenzi wenziwa ngokushintsha kwephrofayili yomzimba. Cishe u-60% wezindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli amasha usetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zomzimba kanye nemishini yokunyathela. Cishe u-40% wezindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto yizindleko zezingxenye zokunyathela umzimba kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yesikhunta sezimoto ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ubuchwepheshe besikhunta bubonise lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokuthuthukiswa.
1. Ukulingiswa kwenqubo yokunyathela (i-CAE) kugqame kakhulu
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngentuthuko esheshayo yesofthiwe yekhompyutha kanye nehadiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa (i-CAE) benqubo yokwakheka kwe-stamping budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Emazweni athuthukile njenge-United States, iJapan, neJalimane, ubuchwepheshe be-CAE bube yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuklama nokukhiqiza isikhunta. Busetshenziswa kabanzi ukubikezela amaphutha okwakha, ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokunyathela kanye nesakhiwo sesikhunta, ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka komklamo wesikhunta, nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlola isikhunta. Izinkampani eziningi zesikhunta zezimoto zasekhaya nazo zenze intuthuko enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CAE futhi zithole imiphumela emihle. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-CAE kungasindisa kakhulu izindleko zesikhunta sokuhlola futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta sokucindezela, osekuyindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesikhunta. Ubuchwepheshe be-CAE bushintsha kancane kancane umklamo wesikhunta kusuka kumklamo ongokoqobo kuya kumklamo wesayensi.
2. Indawo yomklamo we-3D wesikhunta ihlanganisiwe
Umklamo wesikhunta onezinhlangothi ezintathu uyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali futhi uyisisekelo sokuhlanganiswa komklamo wesikhunta, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuhlola. Izinkampani ezifana neToyota kanye neGeneral Motors zase-United States ziye zaqaphela umklamo wezingxenye ezintathu wesikhunta futhi zathola imiphumela emihle yokusetshenziswa. Ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta se-3D kwamanye amazwe zifanelwe ukubhekisela kuzo. Ngaphezu kokuba wusizo ekuqalisweni kokukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe, umklamo wezingxenye ezintathu wesikhunta unenye inzuzo yokuthi kulula ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka futhi ungenza ukuhlaziywa kokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza, okuxazulula inkinga ekwakhiweni kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Okwesithathu, ubuchwepheshe be-digital mold sebuyindlela eyinhloko
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-digital mold kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-mobile molds. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-digital mold ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha noma ubuchwepheshe obusizwa yikhompyutha (CAX) enkambisweni yokuklama nokukhiqiza i-mold. Sifingqa ulwazi oluphumelelayo lwezinkampani ze-mold zezimoto zasekhaya nezakwamanye amazwe ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obusizwa yikhompyutha, ubuchwepheshe be-mold zezimoto zedijithali buhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izici ezilandelayo: ① Ukuklama ukukhiqizwa (DFM), okungukuthi, ukukhiqizwa kuyacatshangelwa futhi kuhlaziywe ngesikhathi sokuklama ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yenqubo. ②Ubuchwepheshe obusizayo bokuklama iphrofayili ye-mold, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuklama iphrofayili obuhlakaniphile. ③CAE isiza ekuhlaziyeni nasekunyatheliseni inqubo yokwakha, ukubikezela nokuxazulula amaphutha angaba khona kanye nezinkinga zokwakha. ④ Faka esikhundleni somklamo wendabuko onezinhlangothi ezimbili ngomklamo wesakhiwo se-mold onezinhlangothi ezintathu. ⑤Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-mold isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CAPP, CAM kanye ne-CAT. ⑥ Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe bedijithali, bhekana futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezivela enkambisweni yokuhlolwa kwe-mold kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-stamping.
Okwesine, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokwenziwa kwe-mold processing ezenzakalelayo
Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemishini kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Akuvamile ukuthi izinkampani zesikhunta sezimoto ezithuthukisiwe zibe namathuluzi omshini we-CNC anamatafula okusebenza amabili, abashintshi bamathuluzi abazenzakalelayo (i-ATC), izinhlelo zokulawula i-photoelectric zokucubungula okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa izinto zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi. Ukucubungula ngokulawula izinombolo kuthuthukile kusukela ekucubungulweni kwephrofayili okulula kuya ekucubungulweni okuphelele kwephrofayili kanye nezindawo zesakhiwo, kusukela ekucubungulweni okuphakathi nokuphansi kuya ekucubungulweni okushesha kakhulu, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula okuzenzakalelayo kushesha kakhulu.
5. Ubuchwepheshe bokunyathela ipuleti lensimbi enamandla aphezulu buyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo
Insimbi enamandla amakhulu inezici ezinhle kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso sokukhiqizwa, izici zokuqina kokucindezeleka, ikhono lokusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka, kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla okushayisana, kanye nenani lokusetshenziswa ezimotweni liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Njengamanje, izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezisetshenziswa ekugxishweni kwezimoto zifaka phakathi insimbi yokuqinisa upende (insimbi ye-BH), insimbi yesigaba esiphindwe kabili (insimbi ye-DP), kanye nensimbi yesigaba sokuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwesigaba (insimbi ye-TRIP). I-International Ultra Light Body Project (ULSAB) ibikezela ukuthi u-97% wemoto yomqondo othuthukisiwe (ULSAB—AVC) eyasungulwa ngo-2010 izoba yinsimbi enamandla aphezulu. Ingxenye yensimbi enamandla aphezulu ethuthukisiwe ezintweni zemoto izodlula u-60%, kanti ingxenye yensimbi yesigaba esiphindwe kabili izoba ngu-74% wamapuleti ensimbi ezimoto. Uchungechunge lwensimbi ethambile olusetshenziswa kakhulu ensimbini ye-IF luzoba uchungechunge lwepuleti lensimbi enamandla aphezulu, kanti insimbi enamandla aphansi e-alloy izoba yinsimbi yesigaba esiphindwe kabili kanye nepuleti lensimbi enamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamapuleti ensimbi aqinile kakhulu ezingxenyeni zezimoto zasekhaya kukhawulelwe kakhulu ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo kanye nemishayo, futhi amandla okuthamba kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo angaphansi kakhulu kwama-500MPa. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bokunyathela amapuleti ensimbi aqinile kuyinkinga ebalulekile edinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha embonini yesikhunta sezimoto ezweni lami.
6. Imikhiqizo emisha yesikhunta izokwethulwa ngesikhathi esifanele
Ngokuthuthuka kokusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kokukhiqizwa kwezitembu zezimoto, ukusetshenziswa kwezitembu eziqhubekayo ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye zezitembu zezimoto kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu. Izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zokunyathela ezimaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezinye izingxenye ezincane neziphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokunyathela ezidinga amasethi amaningi ezitembu ezishayayo ngokwenqubo yendabuko, zakhiwa kakhulu izitembu eziqhubekayo. I-progressive die uhlobo lomkhiqizo wesikhunta sobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, onzima ngobuchwepheshe, odinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza, futhi onomjikelezo omude wokukhiqiza. I-progressive die eneziteshi eziningi izoba ngomunye wemikhiqizo yesikhunta ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni lami.
Isikhombisa, izinto zokubumba kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ubuso kuzosetshenziswa kabusha
Ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwezinto zokubumba kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yesikhunta, impilo kanye nezindleko. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphezu kokwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi zokubumba eziqinile nezimelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, izinsimbi zokubumba ezicinyiwe ngamalangabi, kanye nezinsimbi zokubumba eziqinile ze-powder metallurgy, kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa izinto zensimbi ezicitshiwe kuma-dies amakhulu naphakathi nendawo okugxivizwa kuwo kwamanye amazwe. Ukhathazekile ngomkhuba wokuthuthukiswa. Insimbi ecinyiwe enamaqhuqhuva inokuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, ukusebenza kwayo kokushisela, ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenza kokuqina kwendawo nakho kuhle, futhi izindleko ziphansi kunensimbi ecinyiwe e-alloy, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-dies okubumba ezimoto.
8. Ukuphathwa kwesayensi kanye nokwaziswa kuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi esikhunta
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-11-2021